Humanitarian organizations were already providing life-saving assistance due to drought in some of the areas affected by the floods, especially in southern and western Zambia. csee necta questions Three climate regions are recognized based on rainfall dynamics and vegetation: Region 1: Tropical savannas covering the country's major valleys, including the driest areas of Zambia, with annual rainfall below 600 mm. Climate change in Zambia: Impacts and adaptation. Where are polar and tundra environments located? Large parts of Zambia are thinly populated. The most extensive ecoregion covering about 50% of the country, characterised by Miombo trees (Brachystegia sp. Annual maize production in Zambia was on average 1.1 Mt in the period 2000 to 2010, and average yields of about 1.5 t/ha that have not significantly changed over the past 20 years. The process starts when the sun heats the ground. Protection of cold environments as wilderness areas. Copy. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. necta biology past paper A case study of a sparsely populated area Himalayan Mountains, A case study of a densely populated area Greater London. kcse geography Water droplets accumulate and rain falls due to gravity. Compared to many other Southern African countries, Zambia has relatively abundant land and water. The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. Zambia is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa, to the east of Angola. The dry season is subdivided into the cool dry season (May to August), and the hot dry season (September to October/November). Camerapix: "Spectrum Guide to Zambia." What are the economic and environmental issues of energy production? Except for those living in areas of permanent freshwater, animals are adapted to the long dry season, as seen in migration and breeding patterns. Sure, this shaded relief map is nice. Zambia Meteorological Department GENERAL SITUATION Generally, much of Zambia is likely to receive Normal to Above Normal rainfall during the 2019/2020 rainfall season. Gwembe District was already facing Emergency (IPC Phase 4) levels of food insecurity due to the worst drought the country has seen since 1981. In the UK, prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas like the Pennines. The . How has urbanisation helped Nigeria to develop? In the north, rainfall is 1 250mm / 50in or more a year . The average temperature in Zambia in the summer is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. website is used, as well as Advertising and social media cookies (including cookies from trusted This type of rainfall is common in places with mountains and sea. Heavy rainfall has driven flash and riverine flooding in Zambia, including in areas previously impacted by severe drought. They may kill animals, and damage crops if the rains end early and fires happen before harvest. Last year, the district recorded a 98 per cent reduction in maize production, compared to 2018 and the five-year average. The average temperature in Zambia in the summer season is 30C and in the winter (colder season) it can get as low as 5C. Private tourMid-rangeLodge, You Visit: Mfuwe (Start), South Luangwa NP, Mfuwe Airport (Mfuwe), Mfuwe (End). Zambia. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. The Twa people were split into two groups. The Indian Savanna is characterized by the highest temperature (being 45C- 48C in May and June) and lowest temperature (being 5C or even less during the month of January . english language past papers One way in which temperature affects the distribution of large mammals is through the distribution of the tsetse fly, which, within its range is found in hotter valleys rather than the higher, cooler plateau. Flash floods after unusually heavy rain cause damage when they occur in places that do not experience annual floods. Much of the economic, cultural and social life of the country is dominated by the onset and end of the rainy season, and the amount of rain it brings. The average number of hot days1 and hot nights per year in Zambia have increased while the On the later part of the 20th century, runoff in the country decreased by 20 to 30% (MMET, 1998). As a result, rainfall totals of over 1,600 mm per year occur in the . Moderate rain describes . necta csee chemistry past papers What is the structure of the tropical rainforest? If you've found the resources on this site useful please consider making a secure donation via PayPal to support the development of the site. Rainfall. National Parks of the country like the Luangwa National Park, Kafue National Park, etc., act as wildlife havens. Hydropower, based on dammed surface water reservoirs, is a key part of Zambias energy mix, but poor rainfall (e.g. Relief rain usually occurs along coastal areas where a line of hills runs along the . Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. Thirsty animals crowd around the waterholes and rivers to drink. Quetta does not get rain from the summer monsoon winds. This page was last edited on 6 September 2022, at 20:10. Temperatures average between 18C/64F in the morning and 29C/84F in the afternoon. By. moves southward with the apparent movement of the sun in the southern summer and brings rain to the greater part of Zambia. The biomes and ecoregions in the ecology of Zambia are described, listed and mapped here, following the World Wildlife Fund's classification scheme for terrestrial ecoregions, and the WWF freshwater ecoregion classification for rivers, lakes and wetlands. kcse past papers 70.5. necta biology Why is the weather of the UK so changeable? Convectional rainfall occur for very short duration but occur in form of heavy showers. Case study 7: Exploring daily rainfall data to investigate evidence of climate change in southern Zambia and its implication for farmers in the area Parin Kurjia, Durton Nanja b, Roger Sternc a Head, Biometry Unit, Department of Crop Science, University of Nairobi, P.O. history About our use of cookies, Please select which cookies you would like to keep switched on. Farmers in the east and south of In January the ITCZ is in its southernmost Historically, Zambia has been prone to extreme rainfall events resulting in widespread flooding. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. If this process continues then rain will fall. She writes for national newspapers, magazines, Rough Guides and Lonely Planet. Here are the three main types of rainfall: Relief Rainfall. How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Rio de Janeiro? In neighbouring Lumezi District, around 60 families had to leave their houses. We're expecting roughly 8 to 15 days of rain, so your rubber boots and . proposed in areas not yet severely affected by land degradation and drought. Zambia is divided into three agro-ecological zones with distinct mean annual rainfall, ranging from 600mm to 1200mm. In Southern Africa, countries have recently experienced malaria epidemics following unusual rainfall. A two-dimensional relief map displays the topography of a given area. Zambias GDP growth rate by 0.4 percentage points per year, which costs the country US$4.3 billion over a 10-year period. Zambia - Zambia - Climate: Although Zambia lies within the tropics, its climate is modified by the altitude of the country and is generally favourable to human settlement and comfort. Month. What is the role of transnational companies in Nigeria? 1.2 Zambia Tours, Zambia kcse resources Prevailing winds are not usually very strong and a lack of a great deal of dry fuel on the ground (since most areas are burnt annually it does not build up) means that the fires are not as devastating as in countries such as Australia and the south-western USA. Peshawar is a rain fed area and gets western depression rain in winter and also receives rain from monsoon in summer. The plan is concerned with both the development of gender-responsive actions in response to climate change and the capacity to implement such plans. Around 10% of the country is in this biome and its sole ecoregion. In south India, the Mangalore is located on the western windward slope and gets 2000 mm of rainfall. How does food insecurity affect the environment? Relief rainfall is formed when the aircools as it rises over relief features in the landscape such as hills or mountains. What factors affect population density and distribution? Too much rain when the maize crop is flowering or late in the season when it should be drying off prior to harvest, can be very damaging and promotes rotting of stored grain. Seasons. Over most of South Africa, there is a definite rainfall pattern with rainfall increasing from west to east. This refers to the landscape position and the slopes it has. This causes air to cool and moisture in the air to condense into rainfall. On the lee side of the similar mountain range, rainfall usually becomes low, and the area is in a rain shadow. What is chemical and mechanical weathering? The maximum heat is experienced during November, while the maximum rainfall is received during December. The climate is also determined by wind pattern, relief(how high the place is) etc. Rainfall at Kabwe is stable over long periods of time but varies considerably in the short term over periods of approximately 8 and 4 years. Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change. How reliable are economic indicators of development? The vegetation is adapted to it, particularly the grasses, and at that time of the year deciduous trees have lost most of their leaves and so usually do not suffer extensive damage. What is the impact of humans on the temperate deciduous woodland? and 1,000 B.C. Lucy is travel writer for a range of publications, including Lonely Planet's guides to Africa, Southern Africa and South Africa. In winter, there is much less rainfall in Ndola than in summer. Hydrol., 59: 173--187. The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low, and despite some poaching and the absence of protection, the forest is still fairly rich in wildlife. Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. What is the value of the tropical rainforest? The numbers relate to the location labels on the map. Two Earthquakes Compared Nepal and LAquila, Lombok Indonesia Earthquake 2018 Case Study, 2018 Sulawesi Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami Case Study. Also falls at a shorter distance downwind of the ridge are called spillover, sometimes. This is a type of rainfall that occur when warmer air is forced to rise over cold air. Tours, Mozambique Because such fires happen annually, there is no great buildup of dry fuel in the bush, and so the fires are not usually devastating. Changes in rainfall and other forms of precipitation will be one of the most critical factors determining the overall impact of climate change.Rainfall is much more difficult to predict than . The main aspects of the physical environment which determine the biomes and ecoregions of Zambia are: climate, specifically rainfall amount, length of the dry season, and temperature, which is related to elevation; and soils and bushfires. The 8 sites listed below form a broad chain running from south-west to north-east. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY Climate information for Zambia including average temperature, rain and snowfall totals. Climate and specifically rainfall amount is the . What is the impact of humans on the Taiga? Once over the top of the mountain the air will usually drop down the other side, warming as it does so. How is urban planning improving the quality of life for the urban poor in Mumbai? Therefore, a Climate Change Gender Action Plan was published by the government in 2018. Since the beginning of January, following the first floods in Mambwe and Lumezi, the DMMU has been distributing food, tents and water treatment chemicals for the affected population. Weather in the UK - rainfall Rainfall. It can occur almost Zambia. Box 29053, Nairobi, Kenya Zambia has seen an increase in intercropping between the two years, with 7 percent of the surveyed households adopting intercropping between 2012 and 2015, Physical relief maps actually have raised areas that represent different elevations. The weather in Zambia in November is hot. If the annual flood is disrupted by dams, woody shrubs of lower nutritional value tend to replace grasses and so reduce the number of herbivores and biodiversity. Results when near saturated, warm maritime air is forced to rise by a coastal mountain barrier. Otherwise temperature by itself is not a great determinant of plant and animal distribution. In the UK, prevailing winds from the west lead to air rising over upland areas like the Pennines. During the rainy season months of November to April or May some days may be humid, but daily maximum temperatures are usually a little lower than in the hot dry season. types of rainfall in zambia - medvetnaval.org 1.1 Zambia and REDD+ readiness 1 1.2 Activities under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate . Lusaka - Average precipitation. [citation needed], Deciduous trees which lose leaves in the dry season to conserve water predominate over evergreens which have waxy leaf cuticles for the same purpose. [citation needed], For the human population, the location of rural settlements is determined by access to water in the dry season (though boreholes are now commonly used to augment supplies). civics past papers kcse revision notes The coolest area overall is the high Nyika plateau, in the northeast on the border with Malawi. The moisture in the warm air condenses as it cools which causes clouds and rain. Distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, Effects of earthquakes and volcanoes on people and the environment, Reducing the impacts of earthquakes and volcanoes, Population and settlement iGCSE Geography, The main causes of a change in population size, A country with a rate of high population growth China, A country which is over-populated Bangladesh, A country which is under-populated Australia, A country with a low rate of population growth or decline Japan. A total of 98 deaths occurred during October 4, 2017-May 12, 2018, in Lusaka; 40 (41%) deaths were reported by cholera treatment centers (CTCs), and 58 (59%) deaths occurred in the community. What is the site and situation of a settlement? World Wildlife Fund: Encyclopedia of Earth. this is a type of rainfall that occurs when air has blown over the sea and is then being forced up over an area of high land. When the land warms up, it heats the air above it. Elsewhere, plants and animals are adapted to the long dry season. Make decisions like a pro by using our 79,846 reviews and 216 destination guides. Did you know rain also occurs as the result of weather fronts and convection? They all help to determine the kind of soils in an area. [14] Zambia is considered vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because the majority of the population rely on agriculture for their livelihoods - and changes in rainfall patterns has a negative impact due to the rainfed nature of production. Relief(or Orographic) rainfall occurs in areas with mountains Six ecoregions are represented of which the first four listed below are woodland savannas, consisting of a grass cover 12 m high, and hardwood deciduous trees and/or hardwood shrubs, which range in ground coverage from 'scattered' to 'abundant'. Small earth dams are often constructed in dambos as a source of water and as fishponds. Stephen is a travel writer and avid conservationist whose work appears in prestigious magazines such as Africa Geographic and Travel Africa. Most of South Africa is a summer rainfall area, November to March, while the Western Cape Province receives most of its rain during winter, May to August. Dr. Roland Bumle (BGR) Dr. Christoph Neukum (BGR) Jack Nkhoma (DWA) Oscar Silembo (DWA) Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and kcse history notes csee review questions pdf Whirlwinds are very common but not usually destructive. Much of population is concentrated in the country's most developed areaknown as the Line of Railwhich is served by the railway linking the Copperbelt with . Population Zambia's population is about 10.9 million (2004), of which 64 percent is rural (Table 1). It also means more runoff, more percolation, and more water erosion. When the Sun heats the Earth's surface, the ground heats the air above it. The climate of Zambia in Central and Southern Africa is definitely tropical modified by altitude (elevation). Safaris & Tours, Botswana [citation needed], The highest rainfall is in the north, especially the north-west and the north-east, decreasing towards the south; the driest areas are in the far south west and the Luangwa River and middle Zambezi River valleys, parts of which are considered semi-arid. In winter, theres hardly any rain and humidity is low. However, these regular droughts have become more extreme and more unpredictable due to climate change.In fact studies based on dendrochronology, or tree rings dating, confirm that drought affected by global warming goes back to 1900.. Rainfall. Heavy rainfall in recent days has led to riverine and flash floods in Zambia, mainly in the Southern Province, with Gwembe and Siavonga Districts hardest-hit. Zambia is considered to be vulnerable to climate change which might lead to more variability in rainfall amounts and length of the rainy season. Tours, South Africa Failure of the rains causes hunger in most cases. Copyright 2023 SafariBookings. How are Nigerias trading and political relationships changing? In the Kppen climate classification, most of the country is classified as humid subtropical or tropical wet and dry, with small patches of semi-arid steppe climate in the south-west. Zambia, landlocked country in south-central Africa.