First, subtract the lower number from the higher number and then divide the result by the number of contour lines. If the user enters 3.14 in response to the following programming statement, what will be stored in value? Contour lines When the contour interval is not specified in the map, it can be calculated as explained in the following sections. 400 D. N a) point A 00 D. N a) point A b) point D c) point B d) point (1 pt) Garibaldi Creek is located east of Deadmans Lake (Figure 7-E8). Orbiting spacecraft contain internal gyroscopes that are used to control their orientation. In which direction does it flow? above or below it, multiplying by the contour interval, and adding or subtracting Contour Lines Step 3. 1. What is the term for the geologic feature called Carter Lake? This makes reading the map easier. maps also have a vertical scale to allow the determination of a point in three Join TheConstructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. Adapted by Joyce M. McBeth, Sean W. Lacey, & Tim C. Prokopiuk (2018) University of Saskatchewan from Deline B, Harris R, & Tefend K. (2015) Laboratory Manual for Introductory Geology. For example, if your map scale is 1 inch = 50 ft, then one inch on your graphs y-axis should only represent 50ft of elevation. Set up the cancellation table so all units will cancel, except the desired unit, feet. Write your estimates for the elevation at each waypoint next to the waypoint. Contour lines that are very close together indicate a steep slope. Essentially a topographic profile is a side image of a topographic map, but the image is only a representation of the area shown on the line on the topographic map (line A-B on Figure 3.6). Contour interval: The change in elevation from one contour line to the next is always the same within the same map.Many maps have either a 40- or 80-foot contour interval: An 80-foot interval simply means that each contour line is 80 vertical feet away from . Locations A and B are at the same elevation. What does a contour interval mean - A contour interval is a vertical distance or the difference in the elevation between the two contour lines in a. . Therefore: Rise = change in elevation = top (Point A elevation) minus bottom (Point B . Gradient: Stream gradient can also be determined from a topographic f. Is the elevation of waypoint C > or < waypoint B? Source: Karla Panchuk (2020) CC BY-SA 4.0, adapted from Joyce M. McBeth (2018) CC BY-SA 4.0 (view source) and Brad Deline (2017) CC BY-SA 3.0 (view source). . The difference between Contour intervals and Horizontal Equivalent are tabulated below: Contour Lines and Its Types, Characteristics and Uses in Surveying. right hand portion of the window. fcontour (f) plots the contour lines of the function z = f (x,y) for constant levels of z over the default interval [-5 5] for x and y. fcontour (f,xyinterval) plots over the specified interval. 3. Figure out math tasks Determine Contour Interval and Contour Line Values. separating in cm/year? Please give your answer in grams/milliliter. (Answer to the nearest foot.) (5 pts) Figure 7-E4 shows five waypoints (A, B, C, D, and E) on a topographic map. The run is 1000 feet and the rise in elevation is 120 feet. Look closely at the topography south of highway, and it changes abruptly. Notice the general shape of this feature. What is the relief of the area in the map? What important discovery did the researcher miss? 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\)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Answers to Practice Lab Exercises, Parts A and B, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, Contour lines represent lines connecting points of equal elevation above sea level, Contour lines never cross, split, or die off, Contour intervals must be obeyed, therefore the contour lineelevations can only be multiples of the contour interval. Refer to the figure below and assume contour interval of 10 feet. The difference between two adjacent contours is called the contour interval, which is 10 ft for the Figure 2-2 example. USGS topographic maps also show many other kinds of geographic features including roads, railroads, rivers, streams, lakes, boundaries, place or feature names, mountains, and much more. Contour line art is a method of drawing where you draw only the outline of an object, without any shading. The horizontal map distance measures 0.5 inches. In Figure 1.9, which of the following geologic structures is. It will take approx. Streams/Rivers Escarpments/Cliffs In what general direction is the Pacific Plate moving? Q. First, we must identify the two contours that lie on either side of "P." In some cases the contours that we need are clearly labeled; however, in other instances, you will need to use the contour interval (1,000 feet, in this case) to "count" up or down from a labeled contour. The contour interval is 20 meters ( Figure 10-2 ), thus each one of the intermediate contour lines crossed to get to point (a) adds 20 meters to the 500-meter index contour line. (1 pt) Find Deadmans Lake (it is located close to Cheakamus River and south of Daisy Lake; refer to Figure 7-E8 which is a close up from the map area). How fast was the Pacific plate moving during the last 1.1 million years between the formation of the Big Island and Maui in cm/year? A contour line is a line drawn on a topographic map to indicate ground elevation or depression. The even spacing indicates the hill has a uniform slope. Please draw he contour line of the given figure below using 1-meter interval and its index contour and Base on the contour lines that you draw in item no.24, what kind of topographic landform is represented? on a map that are produced from connecting points of equal elevation (elevation Refer to the figure below. Q. Why? It is usually every fifth line that indicates a change in elevation. Once your points are plotted on the graph paper, you simply connect the dots. trend up valleys and form a "V" or a "U" where they cross which of the following is the best way to obtain an absolute date for the sequence of rocks, the geologist determines there is 78.3% of the parent remaining in the sample that they examine. Location A is higher. 13. Refer to the figure below and assume contour interval of 10 feet. Want to create or adapt books like this? If you were to walk the path of a contour line in real life, you would remain at the same elevation the whole hike, never traveling up or down. which of the above geologic events is the seventh in the sequence? Difference of annual-mean surface zonal wind stress (N m 2) computed as the simulation with flattened topography (FLAT) minus control (ALL) from ref. What type of bedrock is present in this area? The distance between these areas is ~1.6 miles (measured along the curving distance of the non-magnified stream). This page titled 3.6: Drawing Contour Lines and Topographic Profiles is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . See example under CONTOUR/SPACING below. 14. The. shows the surface features, or topography of Earth or a certain area. 8. Calculate the contour interval between index contours, which are are the more prominent, bold-colored lines with the elevation marked on them. The headings indicate the direction the Pacific Plate is moving over the hot spot. What approximate discharge would be associated with a 50 year recurrence interval? For Ex: If the number of lines between 2 index lines are 5. All Rights Reserved. Therefore the topographic profile in Figure 3.6 represents a profile of the map surface (along the A-B line) that has been vertically exaggerated by 10 times (10X). example. Examine unconformities 1 and 2 indicated in Figure 1.9. Both A and B (20-2900 Km and 2900-5100 Km). which Geologic Law did you use to come to the conclusion you made in the previous question (figure 1.8)? Low gradient and abundant sediment supply. The contour interval (height difference from one contour line to the next) on the 500 mb height map shown above is 3 decameters (abbreviated as 3 dam) or 30 meters (abbreviated as 30 m). (2 pts) What is the ratio scale used on this map? Contours make it possible to show the height and shape of mountains, the depths of the ocean bottom, and the steepness of slopes. slope percent = rise/run 100 the boundary follows the course of the river at the time it was drawn, the river has since moved. For the plotting of region, the contour intervals are presumed. How big is the base (area) of the washington monument in sq feet? The number of contour lines in-between 7000 and 7100 are 4. In every map, on the right-hand bottom side, the contour interval is described. Country Calculate the stream gradient of Grape Creek in ft/mile. Stream Use the appropriate conversion factor to convert the horizontal map distance to horizontal ground distance. It is usually shown in or near the map's legend. Using a contour interval of 40 m, label the elevation of every contour line on the map below. 40 feet - 20 feet = 20 feet How far have the snake fossils moved apart since they were originally deposited? Contour lines that are close together show what type of slope? British Columbia Topographic Map 092G095. What is the name of the family that contains beryllium? 3. USask GEOL 121 Lab Final Exam Overview. Widely separated contour lines indicate a gentle slope. Using the speed you calculated in the previous question (and ignoring possible changes in sea level), when will the Big Island of Hawaii sink below the surface of the ocean? How are depressions marked on a topographic map? index contour lines are generally darker and are marked with their elevations. a view of the landscape as seen from above. In a large map, index contour lines are less to keep it simple to read the map easily. Now look farther south of Sloans Crossing at Hwy. contour (Z) creates a contour plot containing the isolines of matrix Z, where Z contains height values on the x - y plane. What would happen to the mantle rock at point X if water is added to it? Chapter 3 Topographic Maps by Karen Tefend and Bradley Deline, CC BY-SA 4.0. which of the above geologic events is the second in the sequence, which of the above geologic events is the fifth in the sequence. of a hill (or hills). A contour map consists of contour lines of a given geographical region. For small scale maps covering a wide area of varying terrain, For rough topographical map meant for initial assessment only, If a detailed map is to be prepared for execution work, If the ground has large variation in levels, for instance, hills and ponds, No measurement or scaling is required since the contour levels are indicated on the contour lines, The distance must be measured on the map and converted to actual distance by multiplying with the scale of the map, In a given map the contour interval is a constant, The horizontal equivalent varies with slope. 200 feet. Figure 6.13 | Coastal area topographic map. If the numbers associated with specific contour lines are increasing, the elevation of the terrain is also increasing. It is impossible to determine which location is higher. How far did the pole move in meters in one year during this time period? (b) Why do you think reassociation to 1005 and 130 S particles did not work? All points on a contour line are at the same elevation. Map Example On a topographic map, a contour line is a line that depicts ground elevation or depression. pressing down on the middle mouse wheel and moving the mouse forward and Closer distance indicates steep slope and wider distance gentle slope. 19. Now difference between 7100 and 7000 is 7100 7000 = 100. The desired unit is feet. hillslope: It is south of Mammoth Cave. According to the geothermal gradient, rocks at 500 degrees Celsius will be buried how deep? Write your answer in feet. from the highest, and dividing the result by the horizontal distance. The speed the islands are sinking can be estimated by measuring the difference in elevation between two islands and dividing by the difference in their ages (this method assumes the islands were a similar size when they were active). Contour plots with Excel and Matplotlib Select the XYZ data arranged as a single range (Range I4:N8 in the data screenshot below). Answer the following questions about these waypoints, based on your best guess estimate of the elevation of each waypoint. What is the gradient of the GC, What is the contour interval for the map below, Between the index counters on this map, the river gradient is. A contour interval is a vertical distance or difference in elevation between contour lines. Step 2. Now count the number of non-index lines contour lines between the 2 index contour lines selected for the contour interval calculating in the 1st step. Your contour lines will generally fall between the GPS points on your map, so you will need to estimate many of the contour line positions. To show information. https://openpress.usask.ca/app/uploads/sites/52/2018/08/SKtopomap_v2.pdf. A darker, heavier contour line that is labeled with an elevation. The lowest contour line is at 200m. In Figure 9.4, what is the elevation of Malcome Bog? 6. What is the physical state of a dry mantle rock at point X? As you can see contour lines with 10 m interval. What type of stream drainage pattern is present on this map? contour (X,Y,Z) specifies the x and y coordinates for the values . fault. a landform it is necessary to construct a topographic profile or cross-section For producing a detailed study of You are tasked with creating your own coastal topographic map, so you hike around a coastal area with a GPS receiver (Global Positioning System) and every so often you record your position along with the elevation in metres at that point, which results in the map below (Map 7-E5). Vertical What color shows buildings, bridges and railroads? 15. Lost your password? (Hint: Speed= Distance/Time). View Source. The peak is normally considered to be located at half the interval distance. Example 1- In the graphic below, what is the vertical distance between the contour lines? As contour intervals are for the calculation of vertical elevation of an area, same way to calculate the horizontal distance it is termed as Horizontal Equivalent. A red "X" in Figure 9.5 marks a spot on a contour line along the shore of Baskahegan Lake, but the printed DEM doesn't say anything about its elevation. How fast was the Pacific plate moving from 7.2 million years ago to 4.7 million years ago between the formation of Kauai and Nihoa in cm/year? A contour interval is the vertical distance or difference in elevation between contour lines. Please give your answer in grams/milliliter. Expert Answer. (measure the distance across the Pacific at 40 degrees north latitude- basically measure between Northern California and North Korea)? Contour lines make a v pattern as they cross streams and rivers, and the v always points towards the upstream direction. The column and row indices of Z are the x and y coordinates in the plane, respectively. 1) The contour interval between contour is 40m. vertical scales on your topographic profile are not the same. Write your answer in feet. Each contour line shows a different elevation. Explain how you made this decision. These circular patterns indicate hilltops, like in the diagram below (Figure 3.6). located below the scale. There are fossils such as Glossopteris and Lystrosaurus that are found in rocks in South America and Africa that indicate they were part of Pangaea approximately 200 million years ago. (5 pts) The following topographic map (Map 7-E3) is from a coastal area and features an interesting geological hazard in addition to the ocean. below cuts the mountain at equal intervals of elevation. with the labeled contour lines at the bottom of the profile paper and project Contour intervals must be obeyed, therefore the contour line elevations can only be multiples of the contour interval . In Figure 9.4, what is the elevation of the highest point on Farrow Mountain? Select the Using the surrounding contour lines, what is the approximate elevation of Deadmans Lake? What is the latitude for this monument? Contour lines tend to enclose the smallest areas on ridge tops, which are often narrow or very limited in spatial extent. Overview section 7.3 provides background information on contour lines to prepare you for these exercises. 60 seconds. Are streams in this area downcutting or laterally eroding? What is the gradient? On which date did a flood event have a recurrence interval of 0.5? D 009 -800 N O a) 10 b) 20 D -600 -800 N a) 10 Ob) 20 c) 40 d) 50 Which point (A,B,C, D) has an elevation of 344 feet? Step-by-step explanation. The height of an object above the surface of the sea. This content is subject to copyright. 750m. which Geologic Law did you use to come to the conclusion you made in the previous question? fairmount. Answers: 1 Show answers Another question on Biology. For example, if you wanted to do a contour line drawing of a pear, you'd simply draw the outline of the pear, add a stem, and stop there. 18. Now draw contour lines on your map to represent the pyramid in three-dimensions on your map. As a rule, hilltops will be slightly rounded to show a slight increase in elevation to represent the crest of the hill, but be careful not to draw the hilltoptoo high on your graph paper. How far did the pole move? They are marked with short, straight lines inside the circle. On our map, point "P" lies between 3000 feet and 4000 feet contours . Would the recurrence interval for this flood plot at: Is it possible that a flood with a similar discharge to that of the event from 9/23/2009 could happen again in the next 20 years? (5 pts) Construct a topographic profile for the map inFigure 7-E6 from position A to A on the graph paper provided in Figure 7-E6 below. Divide the current maximum elevation of the Big Island by the rate you calculated in the previous question. Because the stream flows south, contour a, which lies downstream of contour b, must be the lower of the two. In which stage of the cycle of stream erosion is this area? The equation used is: Tips nervous system and circulatory system endocrine and repertory system circulatory and respiratory systems nervous system and endocrine systems . (a) Suggest what the 100S100 \mathrm{~S}100S and 130S130 \mathrm{~S}130S particles might represent, in light of current knowledge of protein synthesis. available from: Open Geosciences. In most maps, every fifth contour line is an index contour. (1 pt) Explain in a sentence how a ratio scale works. The number of lines obtained in the above step is taken and added with 1. If the topographic map in Figure 3.6 has a fractional scale of 1:12,000 then 1 inch is equal to 12,000 inches or 1000ft; this 1inch = 1000ft equivalency is for the horizontal scale.
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