The population of Yankton was over 3,400, a remarkable increase from the less than 50 in 1859. A board of trustees -- to be named by the Territorial governor. The members receive a salary of $3,000 per annum and expenses, The few exceptions are a handful of graves where the family has replaced the concrete marker with a conventional headstone showing name, dates, etc. On July 1, 1974, the name of the facility was changed from Yankton State Hospital to the South Dakota Human Services Center. North Dakota's rehab, treatment and evaluation center for individuals with psychiatric and substance abuse needs. When a patient is discharged from the hospital, without application, notice must at once be sent to the commissioners These state schools were and are famous for abuse and neglect. SAH Archipedia is a registered trademark of the Society of Architectural Historians. 1 talking about this. Newspapers from the late 1800s were filled with reports on the abuses happening inside the insane asylum at Topeka State Hospital. Last Name(s) Special characters are not allowed. be cared for by the overseers of the poor. A records search reveals 82. If hospitalization may be needed, initial contact should be made via the appropriate regional human service center. retherington@nd.gov, Dr. Ed Yabut, M.D. Steve C. Martens and Ronald H. L. M. Ramsay, "North Dakota State Hospital (North Dakota State Mental Hospital, Hospital for the Insane)", [Jamestown, North Dakota], SAH Archipedia, eds. To obtain information about cemetery records or for procedures for adding a grave marker, please contact the South Dakota Human Services Center at 605-668-3100. Dedication and Ground Breaking Ceremonies were held on April 28, 1994. 36% were considered mentally ill, and 60% were deemed "mentally deficient." In comparison to other states that have sterilization data, North Dakota ranked 12thin total numbers of sterilization. occasion therefor no longer exists. which the hospital is situated or of the county in which any person confined in the hospital has his residence, The 1960s saw a significant enlargement of the medical staff. Governor Mickelson advanced bills proposing design and construction of a new psychiatric facility which passed by an overwhelming majority of the 1992 Legislature. In place of the Board, two new cabinet-level departments were created which separated the responsibilities for inmates from those of patients. aid a reputable practicing physician or attorney. preferred. The 1957 Legislature appropriated money to raze two old buildings. The expense incurred by any county for the maintenance of a patient at the state hospital is a charge against his With the advent of therapeutic treatments, however, incoming patients were released within a few months, thus helping to ease the overcrowding problem. The county commissioners, who are the overseers of the poor, must provide for the indigent State Insane Hospital, Jamestown, N.D., circa 1895-1901, date QS:P,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P1319,+1895-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1901-00-00T00:00:00Z/9, This image might not be in the public domain outside of the United States; this especially applies in the countries and areas that do not apply the, Public domain works must be out of copyright in both the United States and in the source country of the work in order to be hosted on the Commons. Gabrielle Esperdy and Karen Kingsley, Charlottesville: UVaP, 2012, http://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/ND-01-SN11. North Dakota State Hospital, 2605 Circle Dr, Jamestown, ND 58401, USA 2. "insane" hospital near Rugby, North Dakota or in Pierce County. Crowding, however, forced the institution to expand repeatedly, as the number of patients grew from 106 in 1886 to 819 in 1912, and then to 1,288 by 1920. Controversial sterilization procedures were carried out on most of the female patients without consent, as it was thought at the time that their illnesses could be passed down to children. However, relics of this darker history still remain to this day. for $10,000, conditioned for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office, to be approved by the board. He knew what this gold-digging whore was all about before he married her. In 1953, a state health department official, Dr. R.O. The time period completed includes from October 1892 to 1909 and from November 1982 to 1995. The completion of the railway into Yankton in 1873 gave added impetus to immigration and by 1878 the effect of the gold rush was reflected in the number of Dakota patients at St. Peter Hospital, totaling 22. CARE ", The American Psychiatric Association was brought in to inspect the hospital in 1949. for the insane. Changing attitudes toward the mentally ill contributed greatly to improving conditions at the hospital. If it becomes necessary, for want of room or other cause, to discriminate in the reception of patients into the north dakota state hospital for the insane recordssmart search field in safari. Its location and mission as a "hospital for the insane" was authorized by the Dakota Territorial Legislature in 1883 and it opened on May 1, 1885, accepting its first two patients from Morton County. Its had a long, tumultuous history filled with fear, abuse, and darkness, as terrible things regularly transpired within those halls. In the foreword of Christopher Payne's book Asylum: Inside the closed world of state mental hospitals, the neurologist Oliver Sacks says that we tend to think of asylums as "snake pits, hells of. An official website of the State of North Dakota. $17.59 + $1.95 shipping. of Mental Health -- Inpatient case files were List of burials including grave #, https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Yankton_State_Hospital&oldid=40888. The thirteenth session of the Dakota Territory Legislature met on January 14, 1879, and in the Governors message he advised the lawmakers of his action and the necessary laws were passed. Visit:American Psychological Association, Information about research and much more to enhance the understanding and treatment of mental illness, Visit:National Institute of Mental Health National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). he becomes sane, and the court must, in the meantime, order him committed to the state hospital for the insane The NDSH still stands and operates today as a psychiatric care facility in Jamestown. The commissioners must at once investigate the grounds for the application and may require the It was so crowded that VanBeek writes that the institution went through a Dark Ages period, with treatment stifled by the conditions, lack of qualified staff and "general hospital-wide disorganization. Biennial report of the Board of Trustees of the Hospital for the Insane. (2,064 1,303 pixels, file size: 1.41 MB, MIME type: //commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:State_Insane_Hospital,_Jamestown,_N.D.,_1895-1901.jpg, http://www.digitalhorizonsonline.org/digital/collection/p16921coll1/id/8233/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:State_Insane_Hospital,_Jamestown,_N.D.,_1895-1901.jpg&oldid=711609207, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Uploaded a work by North Dakota Memories Collection, North Dakota State Library. designated by the governor for each biennial period. Applications for admission to the hospital must be made in writing, verified by affidavit, alleging that the person OnlyInYourState may earn compensation through affiliate links in this article. A 1949 Fargo Forum article detailed a report from the American Psychiatric Association complaining of overcrowding, poorly qualified staff, and a general lack of organization. In 1893 the name was changed to Rochester State Hospital. On May 1, 1885, the State Hospital opened, four years before North Dakota was granted statehood. and are subject to removal by the governor. The North Dakota State Hospital,located in Jamestown, provides short-term acute inpatient psychiatric and substance abuse treatment, intermediate psycho-social rehabilitation services, forensic services, and safety net services for adults. The county judge is a member of the board and its chairman. Inpatient services include short-term stabilization, trauma program, geropsychiatric services, and psychosocial rehabilitation services. Main Image Gallery: Jamestown State Hospital, https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Jamestown_State_Hospital&oldid=40886. Institutional. The patient population in the mid 1920s became more diverse. "In three years time one can see and feel the difference," he wrote. The North Dakota Legislature requires that the State Hospital provides for a portion of its allocated budget by collecting payment for services it provides. Ironically, money was somehow found to build a nine-hole golf course at the institution during 1930-1931. Share this: What Free, Healthy Foods Do You Get on WIC? Fax, Administration: (701) 253-3999 Tompkins Rehabilitation Center (TRC) is a clinically managed, high-intensity residential care program on the campus of the North Dakota State Hospital. The superintendent of the hospital must notify the warden or superintendent of the recovery of a person transferred They have power to issue subpoenas and to administer oaths. The superintendent North Dakota Number of victims There were 1,049 victims of sterilizations in North Dakota. It was built in Jamestown, North Dakota, in 1885. Any patient who is cured must immediately be discharged by the superintendent and be furnished with suitable clothing Another contract with Minnesota resulted in an extension until February 1, 1879, for removal of the patients from St. Peter. commissioners must require them to be suitably provided for otherwise until admission can be had, or until the By 1997, with many of the hospital's buildings empty or nearly empty and the State Penitentiary in Bismarck fairly bursting at the seams with excess inmates, the Legislature appropriated money to turn three State Hospital buildings into the James River Correctional Center, a medium-security prison on the grounds of the hospital. The North Dakota State Hospital, located in Jamestown, provides short-term acute inpatient psychiatric and substance abuse treatment, intermediate psycho-social rehabilitation services, forensic services, and safety net services for adults. north dakota state hospital for the insane records. Start Your Genealogy Research. In addition, wages at the institution were poor and with so many men gone to war, hospital employees left to take up better-paying jobs. . as provided, and the warden or superintendent must, if the term of sentence of the person has not expired, return the state treasury. michigan lottery promo code for existing users 2022. md unemployment login. and so notify the state auditor, stating that he is a charge against some other county, or against the state at If the commissioners find the person insane and a proper subject for treatment at the hospital, they must for the insane, and upon his recovery, if before the expiration of the term for which he is committed, returned North Dakota Hospital for the Insane. Manteno State Hospital, opened 1929. 2605 Circle Dr. (Photograph by Steve C. Martens) SEE METADATA The North Dakota territorial legislature authorized a hospital for the insane in 1883. Superintendent necessary for its government. Volunteers. At Jamestown. Impose Appropriate Penalties/Strengthen Prosecution, Adjudication, and Sanctioning, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program, Minor in Possession - Instructor Certification, Restricting Alcohol Sponsorship of Events and Other Promotions, Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment, Student Returning to School after a Crisis (or Suicide Attempt), Suicide Prevention Professional Development, Teen Party Ordinance/Loud Party Ordinance, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and Job Opportunities and Basic Skills (JOBS) Programs, Publications About the N.D. Department of Human Services, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Program FAQs, Instructions for Utilizing the 'Electronic' Adoption Listing Service, Alternatives to Abortion Services - Contact Information, Alternatives to Abortion Services - Participant Rights, Alternatives to Abortion Services - Testimony, Brochures, Booklets, Fact Sheets, Action Plans, Guidelines, Financial and Health Care Coverage Resources, COVID-19 Funding Available to Assist Foster Youth in Transition, Family First Prevention Services Act Information, Hospital Policy and Practices for Breastfeeding, Infant Friendly Workplace Program Grant Application, Publications: Children and Family Services, Developmental Disabilities Regional Offices, Developmental Disabilities Services - Archived News & Waiver Information, North Dakota Brain Injury Advisory Council, North Dakota Brain Injury Advisory Council By-Laws, North Dakota Brain Injury Advisory Council Events, Overview of Services for People with Developmental Disabilities, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. Thankfully, times have changed, and the handling of developmental and mental disabilities has improved by leaps and bounds in just the past half-century alone. alleging that a person is not insane and is unjustly deprived of his liberty, the judge must appoint a commission Jamestown, ND 58401-6905Phone: (701) 253-3650TTY: (701) 253-3880Fax, Administration: (701) 253-3999Fax, Admissions: (701) 253-3748Fax, Health Information Services: (701) 253-3035. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the institution went through, as did the rest of the nation, a difficult period. 4. hearing at which the person was found insane, to appear before him within five days and give testimony. north cyprus holidays coronavirus; merritt paulson linkedin; Token Info. The appropriation for the first two years was inadequate and citizens generally did not realize that patients needed much more than food and clothing so future legislatures were inclined to reduce recommended allowances for their care, treatment and support. The Medical Records staff can offer assistance. or not, must appoint some regular practicing physician of the county, who may be of their own number, to make a c. Voluntary admission. They called them bad names, cussed and swore at them. Questions. The physician appointed must certify that he has made a careful personal examination, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Housing and Homeless Services, Human Services Coronavirus (COVID-19) News and Notices, Human Services Coronavirus (COVID-19) Provider Resources, Human Services Coronavirus (COVID-19) Resources for Individuals and Families, What to Do If You Tested Positive for COVID-19, Alternative Nicotine Products and Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship, North Dakota Diabetes Prevention & Control Program, About the North Dakota Diabetes Prevention and Control Program (DPCP), Contact the North Dakota Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, Find Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support Programs, General Resources for Diabetes Health Professionals, Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Program, Blood Pressure Screening in Dental Offices, Emergency Room Diversion for Oral Health Concerns, Oral Health Resources for Health Professionals, Public Health Hygienist in a Family Medical Setting, School-Based Fluoride Varnish & Sealant Program, ND Healthcare Professional Loan Repayment Program, Addressing Health Disparities and Social Determinants of Health Training, Health Equity and Environmental Justice 101, Cessation Information for Health Care Providers, LGBTQ+ Overview for Adult Behavioral Health Providers, North Dakota Comprehensive Cancer Control Program, North Dakota Heart Disease & Stroke Prevention Program, Heart disease and Stroke Prevention Resources, Continuing Education / EMS Training Opportunities, Division of Emergency Medical Systems Contacts, Health Response and Licensure Section Staff, North Dakota Car Seat Classes - Birthing Hospitals, North Dakota Car Seat Distribution Locations, North Dakota Cardiac Ready Community Program Education, North Dakota Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) Program, Public Health Emergency Preparedness & Response Program, Public Health Emergency Volunteer Reserve/Medical Reserve Corps, State Trauma Committee Agendas and Minutes, Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC), North Dakota Cardiac Ready Community Program, North Dakota Mental Health Program Directory, Projects for Assistance in Transition from Homelessness (PATH), Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facilities (PRTF) Licensing, Behavioral Supports During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Evidence-Based Prevention Strategies Targeting Opioid Abuse and Overdose, Evidence-Based Treatment and Recovery Strategies for Opioid Use Disorder, Free Through Recovery - Region 1 (Williston), Free Through Recovery - Region 3 (Devils Lake), Free Through Recovery - Region 4 (Grand Forks), Free Through Recovery - Region 6 (Jamestown), Free Through Recovery - Region 7 (Bismarck), Free Through Recovery - Region 8 (Dickinson), Help is Here: Addiction and Mental Health Treatment Services, Help is Here: Taking Care of Your Mental Health, Adolescent Residential Treatment Services, Recovery Housing Assistance Program Interested Provider, Recovery Housing Assistance Program Participating Providers, Recovery Housing Assistance Program Provider List, Community Mental Health Services Block Grant and Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Block Grant, Providing Medicaid 1915(i) Home and Community-based Behavioral Health Services, Center of Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight, Health Tracks Information for Members or Families, Medicaid Coverage for Workers with Disabilities, Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly, Electronic Vital Event Registration System, Health Professional Viral Hepatitis Resources, MMIS - ND Health Enterprise Medicaid Management Information System, National Provider Identifier (NPI) Information, Web File Transfer Frequently Asked Questions, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) Reports, Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Research, North Dakota Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, ND State Hospital limits visitors due to increase in COVID-19 cases, State Hospital Client Handbook - Adult Psychiatric Services, State Hospital Client Handbook - Transitional Living, National Institute of Mental Health National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), SAMHSAs National Mental Health Information Center, SAMHSAs Center for Mental Health Services. Under the new supervision of Thomas C. Biddle the facility was 'Topeka Insane Asylum' no more and instead renamed to Topeka State Hospital in 1901. a. I, Fulton, 1962 Effects of an expanded treatment program at Fulton State Hospital on patient recovery and related variables, 1958 Insane Asylum - St. Louis, 1869-1969 COST OF MAINTENANCE Its location and mission as a "hospital for the insane" was authorized by the Dakota Territorial Legislature in 1883 and it opened on May 1, 1885, accepting its first two patients from Morton County. This family story is documented by the 1920 U.S. Census record, which shows the aunt listed as a patient in the Northern Hospital for the Insane in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, and the 1930 U.S. Census which lists her as a patient in the Marathon County Asylum in Wausau, Wisconsin. North Dakota State Hospital for the Insane, Jamestown; established, 1883; beds, 750. b. By the late 1970s, long-term in-patient placement was being downplayed in favor of treating the mentally ill at home through local and regional human service organizations. North Dakota State Hospital for the Insane, Jamestown; established, 1883; beds, 750. b. By 1971, the name had changed from the San Haven Tuberculosis Sanatorium to just San Haven State Hospital. A 16-bed transitional living program on campus provides a residential level of care for individuals preparing to return to their home communities. Clinical disciplines include psychiatry, psychology, nursing, social work, addiction counseling, chaplaincy, education, occupational therapy, therapeutic recreation, and vocational rehabilitation. Best Review Site for Digital Cameras. hospital, except the steward, being responsible to the board for the proper exercise of this power. must report annually all such delinquencies and the time of any patient kept beyond the period of thirty days to Support for the institution came from the land grant income and legislative appropriations. Grafton State Hospital, originally an asylum for the chronic insane in Worcester under various names from 1877 to 1915, thereafter until 1974 was responsible for providing residential care and treatment for mentally ill persons in central Massachusetts, most recently under the supervision of the Dept. Recognizing the efforts of Governor Mickelson, the new facility was dedicated "George S. Mickelson Center for the Neurosciences." Legal procedure in commitment. Laws were enacted requiring fireproof buildings, defining fireproof structures, prescribing smallest area of floor space per patient and describing the minimum per capita amount of air in apartments where patients were kept. b. as herein required, save to such extent and for such brief period as may be necessary for the safety of persons This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 05:20. Though by current standards many of the treatment facilities are antiquated or even cruel, at the time the hospital was being developed, it represented the leading edge of mental health care and reflected significant advances in treatments. There are an incredible number of abandoned places in North Dakota, from houses to homesteads, post offices, and even hospitals you just gotta know where to find them. of insanity of the county where he belongs, who must have him removed and cared for in the county, as in other Learn the chilling tales behind these old insane asylums in North Dakota: It is sad that places like these operated as they did back then, but fortunately, today there are many more resources and help for those in need of it that are constantly being improved through research. with the consent of the board of control. If any relative or intimate friend of In 1918, the name of the hospital was officially changed from Dakota Hospital for the Insane to the Yankton State Hospital. COMMITMENT She loves small-town life and currently enjoys living on a small farm in the ND prairie. Copyright 2016 NDDHS. Built in 1874, the Danvers State Hospital was known as the Danvers Lunatic Hospital until it changed its . The first superintendent was Dr. O. Wellington Archibald, who had previously worked for the US Army at Fort Abraham Lincoln near Mandan, North Dakota.[1]. Connecticut Valley Hospital opened in 1867 as the General Hospital for Insane of the State of Connecticut and continues to operate. CRIMINAL INSANE One of the most architecturally notable was the innovative ward building (1937) designed by Kurke and published in C. W. Short and R. Stanley-Browns compendium of PWA architecture. The year following its opening, it only had 12 patients. to be taken to a hospital of any state that may be designated by the governor, who is authorized to make the best Fergus Falls State Hospital: Initially named the third state hospital for the insane, operated between 1890 and 2004. 5. This page was last edited on 7 March 2021, at 11:24. Please enter at least 2 characters. The early large-scaled institutional buildings on this campus were connected by a network of tunnels and corridors, while in the later phases of the 1930s and 1940s, the campus employed the cottage plan of separate buildings and minimal evidence of bars or grated windows. As reforms continued, the hospital received a full three-year accreditation from the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals in 1961. [2] Charts and Forms. North Dakota is a very conservative state. Regulated by the State Board of Control, several architects, including Milton E. Beebe, Hancock Brothers, Samuel F. Crabbe, William F. Kurke, Gilbert R. Horton, and Ernest R. Boyd, completed buildings here. Please read DPLA's Statement on Potentially Harmful Content. Thank you! Archibald warned the Legislature that if it didn't appropriate more money for adequate care, the hospital would be closed and each county would have to care for its own insane. appointed by the governor, with the consent of the senate for terms of six years. When persons found to be insane can not at once be admitted to the hospital nor safely be allowed at liberty, the Fax, Admissions: (701) 253-3748 Her favorite part about this job is recognizing small businesses that deserve a boost and seeing the positive affect her articles can have on their traffic, especially in rural areas that might have otherwise gone overlooked. Any citizen of the county or any World War II disrupted the flow of progress. Buildings of North Dakota, Steve C. Martens and Ronald H. L. M. Ramsay. Along with many other states, North Dakota practiced forced sterilization of its patients. If the judge decides that The Governor secured the buildings and arranged to have them rebuilt on school lands north of Yankton at personal expense, a total of $2,286.85. In state institutions. Plans in 2020 call for a request for proposals for the new State Hospital construction project spring of 2021 with construction beginning in the spring of 2022, Etherington said. of the county where such patient belongs may authorize his discharge and provide for his care within the county. Membership is outlined in North Dakota Century Code 25-02-01.1. The commission so provided for may not be repeated oftener than jsfi3-once in six months for ND State Hospital limits visitors due to increase in COVID-19 cases(Sept. 3, 2021). Address: 1101 Kirkbride Dr, Danvers, Mass. by the sheriff and re-delivered to the sheriff upon becoming sane, to stand trial or judgment or be discharged. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The staff was also of better quality than at any previous time. The board of control of state institutions consists of three members Postcard South Dakota Yankton Insane Asylum State hospital Administration Blds. In case of the temporary absence of the Commissioners or their inability to act, the county judge calls to his Fifty-eight patients whose addresses were in what eventually became North Dakota were moved to Jamestown from the Dakota Hospital in Yankton (now South Dakota). Picture Information. When the Fergus Falls State Hospital opened its doors on July 29, 1890, it became the first state institution in northern Minnesota for patients considered insane. Their report to the county judge must be signed by the superintendent. Men always know, even if they don't want to admit it. A state transportation agent or his deputy has the duty of conveying insane persons to the hospital. North Dakota State Hospital. Sterilization was carried out on female patients for many years. Medical Director The development of antipsychotic medications also brought about a significant reduction in the hospital census. di . Dr. Ed Yabut, M.D. Fax, Health Information Services: (701) 253-3035. These institutions are run by individual states. Before finding the person sane, the judge must notify the nearest relative or friend and all who testified at the This was done because of complaints that the original name had a derogatory connotation and other types of patients such as alcoholics and epileptics were also housed there. In the twenty-first century, the inpatient mental health sector of the campus attempts to accommodate a recent, uncomfortable coexistence with a medium security prison unit. It started as an insane asylum and, over the decades, evolved into what it is now. As of May 16, 2016, there are 228 Texas inmates waiting for restoration services at the North Texas State Hospital. He left the hospital in 1894. An adolescent unit was founded in 1963. This research examines the challenges and . The Governor contacted Iowa hospitals without success, then traveled to Lincoln, Nebraska, and found that institution overcrowded but by completing some unfinished rooms, accommodations were arranged for five patients until the following February. The Anoka State Hospital was initially called the First State Asylum for the Insane and it focused on care, not treatment. Treatment. The intensive treatment program established in the early 1960s showed results as the decade wore on, for the population at the hospital continuously decreased year after year. Death year must be in the past. that no real property may be sold during the life of the insane person nor any personal property under five years Behavioral health professionals from the regional human service centers will refer an individual to the State Hospital for specialized inpatient services if the individual meets the criteria for severity of illness and intensity of service need. Dates: 1883 - 1921 The indexes give the inmate's name, date of birth, and place of birth. North Dakota State Hospital Metadata This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. This group of patients is housed and treated in the secure services unit of the NDSH. 287 . The only well-known abandoned hospital in North Dakota is the creepy-as-all-get-out San Haven Sanatorium, a home for severely mentally ill patients who were treated even worse on the inside than they were on the outside. Original file (2,064 1,303 pixels, file size: 1.41 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg), North Dakota Memories Collection (ND State Library). November 30, 1888 by North Dakota Hospital for the Insane ( Book ) 2 editions published between 1886 and 1888 in English and held by 2 WorldCat member libraries worldwide North Dakota Hospital for the Insane. Youll find it northeast of Dunseith. The second volume also includes reasons of insanity.
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