list of dictatorship countries list of dictatorship countries

Malcolm Congal Aidan Julian Haldane, 23rd king of Gwynedd, reigned 1025 to 1074. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. [according to whom? [105] To maintain power, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet organized Operation Condor with other South American dictators to facilitate cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies and secret police organizations. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. Laos (since 1975) [8]:456. [45] Although, when it comes to polling and elections a dictator could use his power to override private preferences. Today, they are "elected," as true democracies helplessly look on . A dictator that has concentrated significant power is more likely to be exiled, imprisoned, or killed after ouster, and accordingly they are more likely to refuse negotiation and cling to power. Below are 10 African country that are still under dictatorship. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. The exclave province of Cabinda has borders with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. 1. Dictatorships in the Middle East and Northern Africa are either illiberal republics in which a president holds power through unfair elections, or they are absolute monarchies in which power is inherited. Duterte is the perfect example of a . [5] This is particularly true when the inner circle is made up of military officers that have the resources to carry out a military coup. [146], In a dictatorship, violence is used to coerce or repress all opposition to the dictator's rule, and the strength of a dictatorship depends on its use of violence. Also, dictatorships . Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. The head of state may be unelected and still be classified as a democracy. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. Power is obtained and passed on through family connections. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland The Freedom in the World report evaluates the state of freedom in 195 countries and 14 territories, assigning a score between 0 and 4 in a series of 25 indicators to give a final score of 100. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. Zimbabwe - 1980 to present - Robert Mugabe. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. While the People's Republic of China was initially aligned with the Soviet Union, relations between the two countries deteriorated as the Soviet Union underwent de-Stalinization in the late-1950s. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. Elections also support the legitimacy of a dictatorship by presenting the image of a democracy, establishing plausible deniability of its status as a dictatorship for both the populace and foreign governments. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. Monarchies: 3. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. Chad. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. 8. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Latin America's new generation of dictators. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. 2. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. Other countries with dictatorships and authoritarian rule, such as Cuba, Syria, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Belarus, could also be considered totalitarian governments. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. Current dictatorships include Zimbabwe, Uzbekistan, and North Korea. Personalist dictatorships are more common in Sub-Saharan Africa due to less established institutions in the region. [130] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) Joseph Stalin (1878-1953) Pol Pot (1925-1998) Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) Saddam Hussein (1937-2006) Idi Amin (1952-2003) Is Venezuela a dictatorship? An autocracy, monarchy, and dictatorship. Another controversial dictator is General Augusto Pinochet (1915-2006) of Chile. The role of dictator was created for instances when a single leader was needed to command and restore stability. There's no room for opposition or . Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" 5. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. Elites are also the primary political threats of a dictator, as they can leverage their power to influence or overthrow the dictatorship. These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". The chief executive must be chosen by popular election or by a body that was itself popularly elected. Nazi and fascist regimes in Europe, Communist single-party states, military juntas in Latin America and . Some of the most famous dictators in history include, of course, Adolf Hitler, Chancellor of Nazi Germany from 1933-1945, Benito Mussolini, ruler of fascist Italy from 1922-1945, and Joseph Stalin,. For example, DD could classify a country which has a legislative assembly whose official name is "the parliament" but still classify it in any of the three categories. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. Africa has several long-standing dictators despite the fact that the continent as a whole is quite volatile politically. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. Most of them are characterized by a single leader with either no party or one that is weak. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. They are in civil war, but the dictator is. [84] Other nationalist movements in Europe established dictatorships based on the fascist model. The . The type of dictatorship a country is ruled by typically comes down to the methods the dictator used to obtain power and how they go about maintaining it. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President Examples include the Personalist/Military dictatorship of Pakistan from 1977 to 1988 and the Single-Party/Military hybrid that controlled El Salvador from 1948 to 1984. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. Abstract. Between 1950 and 2016, one-party dictatorships made up 57% of authoritarian regimes in the world,[26] and one-party dictatorships have continued to expand more quickly than other forms of dictatorship in the latter half of the 20th century. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. [147] The use of violence by a dictator is frequently most severe during the first few years of a dictatorship, because the regime has not yet solidified its rule and more detailed information for targeted coercion is not yet available. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. The premise of the "people's democratic dictatorship" is that the Chinese Party of China and the state represent and act on behalf of the people, but possess and may use powers against reactionary forces. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. Explore a few of the famous ones. More complex economies require additional cooperation between the dictator and other groups. Dictatorships frequently hold elections in order to establish their legitimacy or provide incentives to members of the ruling party, but these elections are not competitive for the opposition. Adolf Hitler: 14 most cruel dictators Benito Mussolini: 14 most cruel dictators Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924): 14 most cruel dictators Joseph Stalin: 14 most cruel dictators Mao Zedong or Mao or Mao Tse Tung: 14 most cruel dictators Muammar Gaddafi: 14 most cruel dictators Idi Amin (1920-2003): 14 most cruel dictators Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. Political control is any tactic through which the state seeks to gain compliance from society. [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. [1]:71. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. The expected result is to coerce citizens into complying with the dictatorships demands in order to benefit from the state-controlled resources. [73] During World War II, Italy and Germany occupied several countries in Europe, imposing fascist puppet states upon many of the countries that they invaded. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. The group may be military or political, it may be organized or disorganized, and it may disproportionately represent a certain demographic. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. Click to visit dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries Though the most recent data set is only updated for 2008, there is planning by Cheibub to update it to the . Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he imprisons his opponents, removed freedom of speechthe press can only publish what he allows them toand has restructured the government to give himself more and longer-lasting power. Like most dictators, they also often employ secret police and violence to silence critics. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. While common in the 20th century, the prominence of military dictatorships declined in the 1970s and 1980s. Olessia Kirtchik, Mariana Heredia, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), 2015. Perhaps someday some of these modern dictatorships will cast off their dictators and embrace a more democratic and inclusive form of government. 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He assumed office in August 1979 and has remained in power since then. These movements supported pan-Arab Nasserism during most of the Cold War, but they were largely replaced by Islamic nationalism by the 1980s. [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [44] As a result of authoritarian politics, a series of major issues may ensue. Democracy is broadly understood to mean 'rule by the people'. [13] After power is seized, the group must determine what positions its members will hold in the new government and how this government will operate, sometimes resulting in disagreements that split the group. The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries. Cuba - Dictatorship 5. [123] The form of government does not correlate with the amount of economic growth, and dictatorships on average grow at the same rate as democracies, though dictatorships have been found to have larger fluctuations. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic. Countries that start with: [141] Should a dictatorship fail, elections also permit dictators and elites to accept defeat without fearing violent recourse. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. In practice, it is often defined as people choosing their leaders in free and fair elections. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. Many countries today are still under a dictatorship, including: Cambodia China North Korea Russia And many more! Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . [119][120][121][122], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy.